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S.Ch.4 9. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are modern efforts to create computer algorithms that can categorize objects very well. Unlike a literal, lock-and-key template, a DNN tries to match an image with a complex pattern of activity in a network that arises when the network encounters and object in a specific category. This allows the network to categorise an infinite set of images as ‘cat’, ‘coffee cup’, and so on.

10. Faces are a special case of object processing. Viewpoint is very important. Upright faces are much easier to recognise than inverted faces. Moreover, some regions of the brain seem to be specifically interested in faces. Different regions may be important for different aspects of face processing (‘Who is it?’ versus ‘How are you feeling?’).